{"id":107,"date":"2023-01-17T07:57:21","date_gmt":"2023-01-17T07:57:21","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/raesch.ch\/?p=107"},"modified":"2023-01-17T07:59:42","modified_gmt":"2023-01-17T07:59:42","slug":"linux-cheat-sheet","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/raesch.ch\/index.php\/2023\/01\/17\/linux-cheat-sheet\/","title":{"rendered":"LINUX- CHEAT SHEET"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

_System Based Commands<\/h1>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

#uname<\/code>\u00a0Displays Linux system information<\/p>\n\n\n\n

#uname -r<\/code>Displays kernel release information<\/p>\n\n\n\n

#uptime<\/code>Displays how long the system has been running<\/p>\n\n\n\n

#hostname<\/code>Shows the system hostname<\/p>\n\n\n\n

#hostname -i<\/code>Displays the IP address of the system<\/p>\n\n\n\n

#last reboot<\/code>Shows system reboot history<\/p>\n\n\n\n

#date<\/code>Displays current system date and time<\/p>\n\n\n\n

#whoami<\/code>Displays who you are logged in as<\/p>\n\n\n\n

#finger username<\/code>Displays information about the user<\/p>\n\n\n\n

_Hardware Based Command<\/h1>\n\n\n\n

#lshw <\/code>Displays information about system’s hardware configuration<\/p>\n\n\n\n

#lsblk<\/code>Displays block devices related information<\/p>\n\n\n\n

#free -m<\/code>Displays free and used memory in the system (-m indicates memory in MB)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

_Users Management Commands<\/h1>\n\n\n\n

#id<\/code>Displays the details of the active user e.g. uid, gid, and groups<\/p>\n\n\n\n

#last<\/code>Shows the last logins in the system<\/p>\n\n\n\n

#who<\/code>Shows who is logged in to the system<\/p>\n\n\n\n

#groupadd \"pink\"<\/code>Adds the group \u2018pink\u2019<\/p>\n\n\n\n

#adduser \"rajni\"<\/code>Adds user \u2018rajni\u2019<\/p>\n\n\n\n

#userdel \"rajni\"<\/code>Deletes user \u2018rajni\u2019<\/p>\n\n\n\n

#usermod<\/code>Used for modifying user information<\/p>\n\n\n\n

_File Commands<\/h1>\n\n\n\n

#ls -al<\/code>Lists files – both regular & hidden files and their permissions<\/p>\n\n\n\n

#pwd<\/code>Displays the present working directory path<\/p>\n\n\n\n

mkdir 'pink'<\/code>Creates a new directory named \u2018pink\u2019<\/p>\n\n\n\n

#rm file_name<\/code>Removes a file<\/p>\n\n\n\n

#rm -f filename<\/code>Forcefully removes a file<\/p>\n\n\n\n

#rm -r directory_name<\/code>Removes a directory recursively<\/p>\n\n\n\n

#rm -rf directory_name<\/code>Removes a directory forcefully and recursively<\/p>\n\n\n\n

#cp file1 file2<\/code>Copies the contents of file1 to file2<\/p>\n\n\n\n

#cp -r dir1 dir2<\/code>Recursively Copies dir1 to dir2. dir2 is created if it does not exist<\/p>\n\n\n\n

#mv file1 file2<\/code>Renames file1 to file2<\/p>\n\n\n\n

#ln -s \/path\/to\/file_name link_name<\/code>Creates a symbolic link to file_name<\/p>\n\n\n\n

#touch file_name<\/code>Creates a new file<\/p>\n\n\n\n

#cat > file_name<\/code>Places standard input into a file<\/p>\n\n\n\n

#more file_name<\/code>Outputs the contents of a file<\/p>\n\n\n\n

#head file_name<\/code>Displays the first 10 lines of a file<\/p>\n\n\n\n

#tail file_name<\/code>Displays the last 10 lines of a file<\/p>\n\n\n\n

#gpg -c file_name<\/code>Encrypts a file<\/p>\n\n\n\n

#gpg file_name.gpg<\/code>Decrypts a file<\/p>\n\n\n\n

#wc<\/code>Prints the number of bytes, words and lines in a file<\/p>\n\n\n\n

#xargs<\/code>Executes commands from standard input<\/p>\n\n\n\n

_Process Related Commands<\/h1>\n\n\n\n

#ps<\/code>Display currently active processes<\/p>\n\n\n\n

#ps aux | grep 'telnet'<\/code>Searches for the id of the process ‚telnet‘<\/p>\n\n\n\n

#pmap<\/code>Displays memory map of processes<\/p>\n\n\n\n

#top<\/code> Displays all running processes<\/p>\n\n\n\n

#kill pid<\/code>Terminates process with a given pid<\/p>\n\n\n\n

#killall proc<\/code>Kills \/ Terminates all processes named proc<\/p>\n\n\n\n

#pkill process-name<\/code>Sends a signal to a process with its name<\/p>\n\n\n\n

#bg<\/code>Resumes suspended jobs in the background<\/p>\n\n\n\n

#fg<\/code>Brings suspended jobs to the foreground<\/p>\n\n\n\n

#lsof<\/code>Lists files that are open by processes<\/p>\n\n\n\n

_File Permission Commands<\/h1>\n\n\n\n

chmod octal filename<\/code> Change file permissions of the file to octal<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Example<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

#chmod 777 peep.txt<\/code>Set rwx permissions to owner, group and everyone<\/p>\n\n\n\n

#chmod 755 peep.txt<\/code> Set rwx to the owner and r_x to group and everyone<\/p>\n\n\n\n

#chmod 766 peep.txt<\/code> Sets rwx for owner, rw for group and everyone<\/p>\n\n\n\n

#chown owner user-file<\/code> Change ownership of the file<\/p>\n\n\n\n

#chown owner-user:owner-group file_name<\/code> Change owner and group owner of the file<\/p>\n\n\n\n

#chown owner-user:owner-group directory<\/code> Change owner and group owner of the directory<\/p>\n\n\n\n

_Network Commands<\/h1>\n\n\n\n

#ip addr show<\/code> Displays IP addresses and all the network interfaces<\/p>\n\n\n\n

#ip address add 192.160.0.1\/24 dev eth0<\/code> Assigns IP address 192.168.0.1 to interface eth0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

#ifconfig<\/code> Displays IP addresses of all network interfaces<\/p>\n\n\n\n

#ping host<\/code> ping command sends an ICMP echo request to establish a connection to server<\/p>\n\n\n\n

#whois domain<\/code> Retrieves more information about a domain name<\/p>\n\n\n\n

#dig domain<\/code> Retrieves DNS information about the domain<\/p>\n\n\n\n

#host google.com<\/code> Performs an IP lookup for the domain name<\/p>\n\n\n\n

#hostname -i<\/code> Displays local IP address<\/p>\n\n\n\n

#wget file_name<\/code> Downloads a file from an online source<\/p>\n\n\n\n

#netstat -pnltu<\/code> Displays all active listening ports<\/p>\n\n\n\n

_Compression\/Archives Commands<\/h1>\n\n\n\n

#tar -cf peep.tar peep<:code><\/code>Creates archive file called ‚peep.tar‘ from file ‚peep‘<\/p>\n\n\n\n

#tar -xf peep.tar<\/code> Extract archive file ‚peep.tar‘<\/p>\n\n\n\n

#tar -zcvf peep.tar.gz source-folder<\/code> Creates gzipped tar archive file from the source folder<\/p>\n\n\n\n

#gzip file<\/code> Compression a file with .gz extension<\/p>\n\n\n\n

_Install Packages Commands<\/h1>\n\n\n\n

#rpm -i pkg_name.rpm<\/code> Install an rpm package<\/p>\n\n\n\n

#rpm -e pkg_name<\/code> Removes an rpm package<\/p>\n\n\n\n

#dnf install pkg_name<\/code>Install package using dnf utility<\/p>\n\n\n\n

  • <\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n

    _Search Commands<\/h1>\n\n\n\n

    #grep 'pattern' files<\/code> Search for a given pattern in files<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    #grep -r pattern dir<\/code> Search recursively for a pattern in a given directory<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    #locate file<\/code> Find all instances of the file<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    #find \/home\/ -name \"index\"<\/code> Find file names that begin with ‚index‘ in \/home folder<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    #find \/home -size +10000k<\/code>Find files greater than 10000k in the home folder<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    _File Transfer Commands<\/h1>\n\n\n\n

    #scp file1.txt server2\/tmp<\/code> Securely copy file1.txt to server2 in \/tmp directory<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    #rsync -a \/home\/apps \/backup\/<\/code> Synchronize contents in \/home\/apps directory with \/backup directory<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    _Disk Usage Commands<\/h1>\n\n\n\n

    #df -h<\/code> Displays free space on mounted systems<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    #df -i<\/code> Displays free inodes on filesystems<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    #fdisk -l<\/code> Shows disk partitions, sizes, and types<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    #du -sh<\/code> Displays disk usage in the current directory in a human-readable format<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    #findmnt<\/code> Displays target mount point for all filesystems<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    #mount device-path mount-point<\/code>Mount a device<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    _Directory Traverse Commands<\/h1>\n\n\n\n

    #cd ..<\/code> Move up one level in the directory tree structure<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    #cd<\/code> Change directory to $HOME directory<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    #cd \/test Change directory to \/test directory<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    _System Based Commands #uname\u00a0Displays Linux system information #uname -rDisplays kernel release information #uptimeDisplays how long the system has been running #hostnameShows the system hostname #hostname -iDisplays the IP address of the system #last rebootShows system reboot history #dateDisplays current system date and time #whoamiDisplays who you are logged in as #finger usernameDisplays information about the user _Hardware Based Command #lshw Displays information about system’s hardware configuration #lsblkDisplays block devices related information #free -mDisplays free and used memory in the system (-m indicates memory in MB) _Users Management Commands #idDisplays the details of the active user e.g. uid, gid, and groups #lastShows the last logins in the system #whoShows who is logged in to the system #groupadd „pink“Adds the group \u2018pink\u2019 #adduser „rajni“Adds user \u2018rajni\u2019 #userdel „rajni“Deletes user \u2018rajni\u2019 #usermodUsed for modifying user information _File Commands #ls -alLists files – both regular & hidden files and their permissions #pwdDisplays the present working directory path mkdir ‚pink’Creates a new directory named \u2018pink\u2019 #rm file_nameRemoves a file #rm -f filenameForcefully removes a file #rm -r directory_nameRemoves a directory recursively #rm -rf directory_nameRemoves a directory forcefully and recursively #cp file1 file2Copies the contents of file1 to file2 #cp -r dir1 dir2Recursively Copies dir1 to dir2. dir2 is created if it does not exist #mv file1 file2Renames file1 to file2 #ln -s \/path\/to\/file_name link_nameCreates a symbolic link to file_name #touch file_nameCreates a new file #cat > file_namePlaces standard input into a file #more file_nameOutputs the contents of a file #head file_nameDisplays the first 10 lines of a file #tail file_nameDisplays the last 10 lines of a file #gpg -c file_nameEncrypts a file #gpg file_name.gpgDecrypts a file #wcPrints the number of bytes, words and lines in a file #xargsExecutes commands from standard input _Process Related Commands #psDisplay currently active processes #ps aux | grep ‚telnet’Searches for the id of the process ‚telnet‘ #pmapDisplays memory map of processes #top Displays all running processes #kill pidTerminates process with a given pid #killall procKills \/ Terminates all processes named proc #pkill process-nameSends a signal to a process with its name #bgResumes suspended jobs in the background #fgBrings suspended jobs to the foreground #lsofLists files that are open by processes _File Permission Commands chmod octal filename Change file permissions of the file to octal Example #chmod 777 peep.txtSet rwx permissions to owner, group and everyone #chmod 755 peep.txt Set rwx to the owner and r_x to group and everyone #chmod 766 peep.txt Sets rwx for owner, rw for group and everyone #chown owner user-file Change ownership of the file #chown owner-user:owner-group file_name Change owner and group owner of the file #chown owner-user:owner-group directory Change owner and group owner of the directory _Network Commands #ip addr show Displays IP addresses and all the network interfaces #ip address add 192.160.0.1\/24 dev eth0 Assigns IP address 192.168.0.1 to interface eth0 #ifconfig Displays IP addresses of all network interfaces #ping host ping command sends an ICMP echo request to establish a connection to server #whois domain Retrieves more information about a domain name #dig domain Retrieves DNS information about the domain #host google.com Performs an IP lookup for the domain name #hostname -i Displays local IP address #wget file_name Downloads a file from an online source #netstat -pnltu Displays all active listening ports _Compression\/Archives Commands #tar -cf peep.tar peep<:code>Creates archive file called ‚peep.tar‘ from file ‚peep‘ #tar -xf peep.tar Extract archive file ‚peep.tar‘ #tar -zcvf peep.tar.gz source-folder Creates gzipped tar archive file from the source folder #gzip file Compression a file with .gz extension _Install Packages Commands #rpm -i pkg_name.rpm Install an rpm package #rpm -e pkg_name Removes an rpm package #dnf install pkg_nameInstall package using dnf utility _Search Commands #grep ‚pattern‘ files Search for a given pattern in files #grep -r pattern dir Search recursively for a pattern in a given directory #locate file Find all instances of the file #find \/home\/ -name „index“ Find file names that begin with ‚index‘ in \/home folder #find \/home -size +10000kFind files greater than 10000k in the home folder _File Transfer Commands #scp file1.txt server2\/tmp Securely copy file1.txt to server2 in \/tmp directory #rsync -a \/home\/apps \/backup\/ Synchronize contents in \/home\/apps directory with \/backup directory _Disk Usage Commands #df -h Displays free space on mounted systems #df -i Displays free inodes on filesystems #fdisk -l Shows disk partitions, sizes, and types #du -sh Displays disk usage in the current directory in a human-readable format #findmnt Displays target mount point for all filesystems #mount device-path mount-pointMount a device _Directory Traverse Commands #cd .. Move up one level in the directory tree structure #cd Change directory to $HOME directory #cd \/test Change directory to \/test directory<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[12,1],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/raesch.ch\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/107"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/raesch.ch\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/raesch.ch\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/raesch.ch\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/raesch.ch\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=107"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/raesch.ch\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/107\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":110,"href":"https:\/\/raesch.ch\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/107\/revisions\/110"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/raesch.ch\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=107"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/raesch.ch\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=107"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/raesch.ch\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=107"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}